Applied Physics Letters · 1969 · 445 citations · 3 references
Natural SciencesMaterials SciencePhysicsMaterials PhysicsMetallic MaterialsThin FilmsElectrical CharacterizationElectrical ConductivityGrain Structure AnalysisMetalsThin Film Electrical PropertiesThin-film MaterialsConductivity In Thin FilmsFilm ThicknessGrain BoundariesGrain Boundary EffectsGrain Boundary PhysicsMetal Thin FilmsResistivityScattering
A model is developed for estimating effects due to electron scattering from grain boundaries, occurring simultaneously with background scattering. Since grain-boundary effects are negligible in bulk materials, the model is particularly relevant to polycrystalline metal films in which a very fine-grained structure is often found. It is shown by solution of the appropriate Boltzmann equation, that the total resistivity can be strongly dominated by grain-boundary scattering. If grain size increases with film thickness, a marked dependence of resistivity on thickness exists, even when scattering from external surfaces is negligible or is completely specular.
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The mean free path of electrons in metals
E. H. Sondheimer · Advances In Physics · 1952 · 2.6K citations