Effect of a Hypocaloric Diet on Adrenomedullin and Natriuretic Peptides in Obese Patients with Essential Hypertension

Abstract

We examined the effect of a hypocaloric diet on adrenomedullin (AM), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in 12 obese patients with essential hypertension (age, 48-81 years; body mass index, 26-34 kg/m2). For the initial week, a standard diet of 2000 kcal/day was given, followed by 3 weeks of a hypocaloric diet of 850 kcal/day, with a constant intake of sodium. The patients lost 3.7 +/- 0.2 kg body weight during the hypocaloric diet period (p < 0.0001). The decrease in blood pressure during the study period was 10.3 +/- 3.6 mmHg systole (p = 0.017) and 4.2 +/- 3.2 mmHg diastole (NS). Plasma AM concentration was decreased significantly from 4.88 +/- 0.46 to 3.97 +/- 0.38 pmol/l by the hypocaloric diet (p = 0.004). Plasma ANP and BNP concentrations were also decreased significantly by the hypocaloric diet (p = 0.042 for each). These results demonstrate, for the first time, that plasma AM concentration as well as plasma ANP and BNP concentrations are decreased by a hypocaloric diet in obese patients with essential hypertension. These vasodilator peptides may act against further elevation in blood pressure in obese patients with essential hypertension.