Carbon Nanotubes for Supercapacitor

TLDR

Supercapacitors are attractive for consumer electronics and alternative power sources because they combine high energy density, rapid charge–discharge, low heating, safety, long‑term stability, and no disposable parts. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of carbon‑nanotube‑based supercapacitor materials and to identify strategies for performance improvement. The authors analyze how the physical and chemical properties of pristine CNTs (size, purity, defects, shape, functionalization, annealing) and CNT‑oxide or CNT‑polymer composites influence supercapacitance and stability, emphasizing composition, particle size, and coverage optimization.

Abstract

As an electrical energy storage device, supercapacitor finds attractive applications in consumer electronic products and alternative power source due to its higher energy density, fast discharge/charge time, low level of heating, safety, long-term operation stability, and no disposable parts. This work reviews the recent development of supercapacitor based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their composites. The purpose is to give a comprehensive understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of carbon nanotubes-related supercapacitor materials and to find ways for the improvement in the performance of supercapacitor. We first discussed the effects of physical and chemical properties of pure carbon nanotubes, including size, purity, defect, shape, functionalization, and annealing, on the supercapacitance. The composites, including CNTs/oxide and CNTs/polymer, were further discussed to enhance the supercapacitance and keep the stability of the supercapacitor by optimally engineering the composition, particle size, and coverage.