The VirD2 pilot protein of <i>Agrobacterium</i> -transferred DNA interacts with the TATA box-binding protein and a nuclear protein kinase in plants

Abstract

The bacterial virulence protein VirD2 plays an important role in nuclear import and chromosomal integration of Agrobacterium -transferred DNA in fungal, plant, animal, and human cells. Here we show that in nuclei of alfalfa cells, VirD2 interacts with and is phosphorylated by CAK2Ms, a conserved plant ortholog of cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinases. CAK2Ms binds to and phosphorylates the C-terminal regulatory domain of RNA polymerase II largest subunit, which can recruit the TATA box-binding protein. VirD2 is found in tight association with the TATA box-binding protein in vivo . These results indicate that recognition of VirD2 is mediated by widely conserved nuclear factors in eukaryotes.