Hepatoid adenocarcinomas of the stomach: An analysis of seven cases

Abstract

Hepatoid adenocarcinomas of the stomach are gastric carcinomas with both adenocarcinomatous and hepatocellular differentiations. They usually produce large amounts of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) with a Concanavalin A-binding property of hepatic type. In this study, these carcinomas occurred in older persons, with the antrum being a common site. Observed grossly, growth of the tumors was nodular and massive. Prognosis was poor because of frequent liver metastases. In the cytoplasms of tumor cells, various serum proteins were identified, including AFP, alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), alpha-1 antichymotrypsin (ACT), albumin, and prealbumin. Localizations of ferritin, prothrombin, and transferrin were demonstrated with less frequency. Adenocarcinomatous foci were composed of well-differentiated, intestinal-type epithelial cells and often contained carcinoembryonic antigen. These adenocarcinomatous and hepatoid areas were often intermingled with each other. There were extensive venous involvements by tumor cells. The poor prognosis of the tumors may be attributed to these involvements as well as to production of AFP and presence of AAT/ACT, which have immunosuppressive and protease-inhibitory properties, respectively.