BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · 2001 · 136 citations · 13 references
Women delivered by forceps had almost twice the risk of developing faecal incontinence, whereas vacuum extraction was not associated with faecal incontinence at three months postpartum. Caesarean section appears to offer some protection.
13
Anal-Sphincter Disruption during Vaginal Delivery
Abdul H. Sultan, Michael A. Kamm · New England Journal of Medicine · 1993 · 1.5K citations · Full text
Obstetric events leading to anal sphincter damage
V. Donnelly · Obstetrics and Gynecology · 1998 · 339 citations