Ammonium based zwitterions showing both LCST- and UCST-type phase transitions after mixing with water in a very narrow temperature range

Abstract

Through the study to analyse the required factors for zwitterion (ZI)-type ionic liquids to show LCST-type phase transition with water, we found that ammonium based ZIs having adequate hydrophilicity showed both LCST- and UCST-type phase transitions in a very narrow range of temperature after mixing with water.