Charge induced (1×3) reconstruction of the Au(110) surface: An x-ray scattering study

Abstract

In situ x-ray scattering studies of the Au(110) electrode surface have been carried out in 0.1M NaF, NaCl, NaBr, LiCl, CsCl, and ${\mathrm{HClO}}_{4}$ solutions under potential control. At sufficiently negative potentials, in the salt solutions the surface forms a (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3) reconstruction rather than a (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) reported for the clean vacuum surface. Above a critical threshold potential, the (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3) reconstruction vanishes and the surface forms a (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) structure.