Three way translocation in a new variant of t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia involving Xp22

Abstract

The t(8;21)(q22;q22) is one of the most frequent chromosomal abnormality associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M2 sub type. The additional chromosomal abnormalities including structural and numerical are frequently reported with the translocation, t (8;21)(q22;q22). We report a case of AML-M2 with t(X;8;21)(p22;q22;q22) associated with loss of Y chromosome. Using a dual color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with ETO and AML1 probes, we demonstrated an ETO/AML1 fusion signal on the derivative chromosome 8 and one ETO signal on derivative Chromosome Xp22. The patient did not respond to therapy and follow-up of cytogenetics revealed same chromosome abnormality. Hence, this three way translocation involving X chromosome might be associated with poor prognosis.