TGF‐β1 Expression and Atrial Myocardium Fibrosis Increase in Atrial Fibrillation Secondary to Rheumatic Heart Disease

Abstract

The TGF-beta1 expression in atrial tissue increased gradually in proportion to the degree of atrial fibrosis in AF and was associated with the type of AF, which suggests that TGF-beta1 is possibly involved in the pathogenesis of AF in RHD patients.