Reconstruction after Conservative Treatment for Breast Cancer: Cosmetic Sequelae Classification Revisited

Abstract

Patients with suboptimal results following breast conservative therapy are presenting more frequently to plastic surgeons as a difficult management problem. A three-type "cosmetic sequelae classification" is proposed to evaluate and manage these patients. From February of 1991 to November of 2001, 85 patients were treated for cosmetic sequelae of breast conservative therapy at the Institut Curie. The patients were followed up prospectively for 6 to 132 months (median, 33 months). They were assessed with regard to age, site and stage of tumor, type of initial breast conservative therapy undertaken, corrective operative procedures performed, complications, and cosmetic results. Forty-eight patients (56.5 percent) had type 1 cosmetic sequelae, 33 patients (38.8 percent) had type 2, and four patients (4.7 percent) had type 3. Type 1 was managed by contralateral symmetrizing procedures. Type 2 was the most difficult to manage by means of various procedures. Type 3 required mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction. Type 1 had 97.6 percent good results compared with 82.7 percent for type 2. Three of the four type 3 patients had good results. This article reaffirms the validity of the cosmetic sequelae classification as a simple, practical guide for breast reconstructive surgeons. It discusses the various choices of reconstructive procedures available, the importance of preventing these cosmetic sequelae, and the role of the plastic surgeon in the planning of conservative treatment of breast cancers.