MECHANISM OF EROSION OF NOZZLES IN OPEN‐HEARTH LADLES*

Abstract

A bstract A detailed report is presented of experiments made with removable nozzle extensions to determine the relative amount of erosion when various types of steel are teemed through (1) regular fire‐clay nozzles fired to different temperatures and (2) nozzles of the more refractory types. The mechanism of erosion is discussed. The data indicate the limitation of refractory materials having a P.C.E. of 28 or higher for use in nozzles or as open‐hearth ladle brick.