Physical properties of thin-film field emission cathodes with molybdenum cones

TLDR

The study describes thin‑film field‑emission cathodes fabricated by electron‑beam microlithography and investigates how varying fabrication parameters influences their performance. Emission originates from the ~1.5‑μm‑tall molybdenum cones with ~50‑nm tip radius, produced in arrays of 100 or 5000 cones or singly, and the authors examine their emission characteristics and current‑fluctuation behavior. The cathodes deliver 50–150 μA per cone at 100–300 V, achieving >10 A/cm² in arrays, and 100‑cone arrays emitting 2 mA (3 A/cm²) operated for over 7000 h with only ~10 % current drop, suggesting emission originates from one or a few atomic sites.

Abstract

Field emission cathodes fabricated using thin-film techniques and electron beam microlithography are described, together with effects obtained by varying the fabrication parameters. The emission originates from the tip of molybdenum cones that are about 1.5 μm tall with a tip radius around 500 Å. Such cathodes have been produced in closely packed arrays containing 100 and 5000 cones as well as singly. Maximum currents in the range 50–150 μA per cone can be drawn with applied voltages in the range 100–300 V when operated in conventional ion-pumped vacua at pressures of 10−9 Torr or less. In the arrays, current densities (averaged over the array) of above 10 A/cm2 have been demonstrated. Life tests with the 100-cone arrays drawing 2 mA total emission (or 3 A/cm2) have proceeded in excess of 7000 h with about a 10% drop in emission current. Studies are presented of the emission characteristics and current fluctuation phenomena. It is tentatively concluded that the emission arises from only one or a few atomic sites on the cone tips.