Distribution of HRP in the Inner Ear after Injection into the Middle Ear Cavity

TLDR

Large molecules introduced into the middle ear can reach the endolymphatic sac and alter its function. The study examined HRP distribution after middle‑ear injections and used selective obliteration of cochlear and vestibular aqueducts to trace its route into the endolymphatic sac. HRP entered the inner ear primarily through the vestibular aqueduct, depositing in cochlear and vestibular sensory cells and the endolymphatic sac, while the round window membrane remained impermeable unless damaged and the oval window served as a secondary route.

Abstract

The distribution patterns of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reaction products in the inner ears of guinea pigs were studied after injections into the middle ear cavities and perilym-phatic and subarachnoid spaces. The normal round window membrane resisted HRP penetration from the middle ear side, but when it became pathological after repeated applications, its permeability increased. HRP deposits were found in the cochlear and vestibular sensory cells and in the lumen of the endolymphatic sac. HRP reaction products were minimal at the cochlear apex even after long survival times, suggesting that peri-lymph flow, if it exists, is rather weak toward this direction. Whereas the stria vascularis is impermeable to HRP, the vestibular dark cells were accessible; thus, the metabolic activity of the dark cells can be more readily controlled by drug applications through the middle ear cavity. The finding of HRP deposits on the scala vestibuli surface of Reissner's membrane and the absence of HRP in the upper portion of the spiral ligament at the basal turn suggests that the oval window is a secondary route of passage for these particles from the middle ear cavity to the inner ear. In order to determine the route of HRP into the endolymphatic sac from the middle ear cavity or scala tympani, the cochlear and/or vestibular aqueducts were obliterated singly or together. The route of HRP was determined to be the vestibular aqueduct. HRP is believed to enter the sac lumen through Reissner's and saccular membranes and the sac epithelium. Drugs and other large molecular substances instilled in or gaining access to the middle ear cavity may reach the endolymphatic sac causing its functional alteration.