Osteoblasts Generate Harder, Stiffer, and More Delamination-Resistant Mineralized Tissue on Titanium Than on Polystyrene, Associated With Distinct Tissue Micro- and Ultrastructure

Abstract

Culturing osteoblasts on titanium, compared with polystyrene, enhances the hardness, elastic modulus, and interfacial strength of mineralized tissue to a higher degree. Titanium per se possesses an ability to alter cellular phenotypes and tissue micro- and ultrastructure that result in enhanced intrinsic biomechanical properties of mineralized tissue.