Citrate Concentrations in Human Seminal Fluid and Expressed Prostatic Fluid Determined via ¹ H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Outperform Prostate Specific Antigen in Prostate Cancer Detection

Abstract

In vitro nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic measurement of the citrate concentration in semen or expressed prostatic secretions outperforms prostate specific antigen testing for detecting prostate cancer.