Two distinct aetiologies of cardia cancer; evidence from premorbid serological markers of gastric atrophy and <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> status

Abstract

These findings indicate two aetiologies of cardia cancer, one associated with H pylori atrophic gastritis, resembling non-cardia cancer, and the other associated with non-atrophic gastric mucosa, resembling oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Serological markers of gastric atrophy may provide the key to determining gastric versus oesophageal origin of cardia cancer.