Lasers in Surgery and Medicine · 2010 · 147 citations · 15 references
A controlled internal electric field perpendicular to the skin-fat interface is selective in heating up fat and, consequently, has the ability to induce lethal thermal damage to subcutaneous adipose tissues while sparing overlying and underlying tissues. In vitro adipocyte cells are heat sensitive to thermal exposures of 50 and 45 degrees C on the order of minutes, 1 and 3 minutes, respectively. In vivo, 15 minutes thermal exposures to 43-45 degrees C result in a delayed adipocyte cellular death response-in this study, 9 days. The novel RF device presented herein effectively delivers therapeutic thermal exposures to subcutaneous adipose tissues while protecting epidermal and dermal layers.
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Effect of local hyperthermia on blood flow and microenvironment: a review.
Chang W. Song · PubMed · 1984 · 628 citations
A Moritz · Medical Entomology and Zoology · 1947 · 468 citations
Heat pain thresholds: normative data and repeatability
David Yarnitsky, Elhor Sprecher, Ruth Zaslansky et al. · Pain · 1995 · 324 citations