SPE Formation Evaluation · 1988 · 13 citations · 5 references
EngineeringEarth SciencesPetroleum EngineeringReservoir EngineeringReservoir SimulationSubsurface Fluid FlowReservoir GeologyShale Gas GeologyShale Gas ReservoirsUnconventional Reservoir EngineeringUnconventional Reservoir FlowWell ModelingEffective PermeabilityGeologic ModelingGeologic ProcessesPermeability ModelingReservoir Flow SimulationReservoir ModelingThree-dimensional Reservoir ModelingVertical Permeability
Summary The Frigg field is a major North Sea gas reservoir composed of turbiditic sediments. This paper describes the detailed geologic modeling and three-dimensional (3D) reservoir simulation of the field. A geologic model containing sand lobes and intercalating shales has been defined from seismic and well data. Special attention was paid to the realistic modeling of the shales. The more continuous (deterministic) shales between the turbiditic sand lobes of the reservoir were directly implemented in the model as horizontal flow barriers. The more discontinuous shales within the lobes were modeled with the method of Haldorsen and Lake1 and Begg and King.2 This method uses statistical geologic information and well data to calculate effective vertical permeability. The simulator was built as a 3D, two-phase (gas/water) model. Field data for 8 years of production were matched. A good match of both fluid levels and pressures was obtained. This reservoir study demonstrates that the impact of the shales on the reservoir behavior in general and the movement of the gas/liquid contact (GLC) in particular is essential.
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