Psychological Inquiry · 2001 · 814 citations · 105 references
Young Adult DevelopmentPersonal DevelopmentSocial SciencesPsychologyDevelopmental PsychologyTransition To AdulthoodLife Course FactorsLongevityCognitive DevelopmentLifespan DevelopmentPersonality DevelopmentHealth SciencesBehavioral SciencesCognitive ScienceAdolescent DevelopmentAdult DevelopmentPersonality PsychologyDevelopmental ScienceAge PeopleLife Course
The article reviews five key questions about personality development across the life course, including when individual traits emerge, when personality is fully formed, what factors influence continuity and change, and the mechanisms underlying both stability and change. The authors find modest continuity from childhood to adulthood, that personality traits remain malleable throughout adulthood and into old age, and that consistency increases with age, becoming more common than change in midlife and old age.
AbstractIn this article we review answers to 5 questions concerning the development of personality across the life course: How early in the life course can we identify characteristics unique to individuals that will show continuity over time? When in the life course is personality fully developed? What life course factors moderate continuity and change in personality? What are the mechanisms that promote continuity in personality? And finally, what are the mechanisms that promote change in personality? Based on the answers to these 5 questions we conclude (a) that there is modest continuity from childhood to adulthood, (b) that personality traits do not become fixed at a certain age in adulthood and retain the possibility of change even into old age, and (c) that with time and age people become more adept at interacting with their environment such that personality consistency increases with age and is more common than change in midlife and old age.
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