Polymorph-dependent titanium dioxide nanoparticle dissolution in acidic and alkali digestions

Abstract

Multiple polymorphs (anatase, brookite and rutile) of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs) with variable structures were quantified in environmental matrices <italic>via</italic> microwave-based hydrofluoric (HF) and nitric (HNO₃) mixed acid digestion and muffle furnace (MF)-based potassium hydroxide (KOH) fusion.