Development of the pharyngeal arch system related to the pulmonary and bronchial vessels in the avian embryo. With a concept on systemic-pulmonary collateral artery formation.

Abstract

These results show that we are not dealing with two or more individual vascular systems that contribute to the developing vessels of the lungs but with one vascular plexus that normally gives rise to the pulmonary and bronchial vasculature but has the potential to give rise to other systemic-pulmonary connections.