Scroll-Shaped Waves of Chemical Activity in Three Dimensions

Abstract

Ferric ions catalyze the oxidation of malonate by bromate in acid solution, sometimes at a spatially uniform, steady rate, but sometimes in a self-regenerating three-dimensional wave which resembles a rotating scroll, often with its axis closed in a ring. In cross section perpendicular to the axis, one sees an involute spiral emerging from a thin cylindrical core. This "dissipative structure" organizes reaction stages periodically in space and time everywhere except along its rotation axis, which may therefore be a thermodynamically unique locus.