Effects of norepinephrine on static and dynamic preload indicators in experimental hemorrhagic shock*

Abstract

Our study confirms the superiority of dynamic variables (pulse pressure variation and systolic pressure variation) over static ones (right atrial pressure and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure) in assessing cardiac preload changes in hemorrhagic shock. However, norepinephrine could significantly reduce the value of these dynamic variables and mask a true intravascular volume deficit possibly by shifting blood from unstressed to stressed volume.