METROPOLITAN, URBAN, AND RURAL COMMUTING AREAS: TOWARD A BETTER DEPICTION OF THE UNITED STATES SETTLEMENT SYSTEM

TLDR

Discontent with the current definition of metropolitan areas and the lack of differentiation within nonmetropolitan territory motivated this study. The study used census tracts as building blocks, assigning them to metropolitan areas, larger towns, and smaller urban places, and analyzed 1990 census‑defined urbanized areas with tract‑to‑tract commuter flows. The analysis revealed a modest population shift from metropolitan to nonmetropolitan areas, a significant reduction in metropolitan area size, disaggregation of many regions, and frequent reconfiguration toward a more realistic settlement form. Keywords: metropolitan, urban‑rural, commuting.

Abstract

Abstract Discontent with the current definition of metropolitan areas and the lack of differentiation within nonmetropolitan territory provided the incentive for the research presented here. Census tracts rather than counties were used as the building blocks for assignment of tracts, not just to metropolitan areas, but also to larger towns (10,000 to 49,999) and to smaller urban places (2,500 to 9,999). The analysis used 1990 census-defined urbanized areas and tract-to-tract commuter flows. Results include a modest shift of population from metropolitan to nonmetropolitan, as well as a significant reduction in the areal size of metropolitan areas, disaggregation of many areas, and frequent reconfiguration to a more realistic settlement form. [Key words: metropolitan, urban-rural, commuting.]