A possible relationship between the anti-cancer potency of photodynamic therapy using the novel photosensitizer ATX-s10-Na(II) and expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor in vivo

Abstract

ATX-s10-Na(II) is a novel second-generation photo-sensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT using ATX-s10 and diode laser (670 nm) induces an apoptotic response, inflammatory reaction, immune reaction and damage to the microvasculature. In particular, the vascular shut-down effect plays an important role in the anti-tumor activity of ATX-s10-PDT. It has been reported that PDT induces hypoxia and expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1)-alpha pathway. We hypothesized that the expression of VEGF may cause tumor recurrence after PDT and exert unfavorable effect against the anti-tumor activity of ATX-s10-PDT. In this study, we showed by DNA microarray analysis in vitro that VEGF mRNA expression was induced 3 h after laser irradiation in ATX-s10-PDT. We compared the anti-tumor activity of ATX-s10-PDT against lung cancer cell lines SBC-3 and SBC-3/VEGF, the latter overexpressing VEGF; there was no significant difference in the sensitivity to the PDT between the two cell lines as assessed by clonogenic assay. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference in the anti-tumor effect of PDT, as measured by tumor cures, was found between SBC-3 and SBC-3/VEGF tumors in female Balb/c-nu/nu nude mice in vivo. In conclusion, ATX-s10-PDT may prevent tumor recurrence despite induction of VEGF and promotion of tumor angiogenesis, which are known to enhance tumor proliferation and survival.