Avian Diseases · 1990 · 169 citations · 16 references
Veterinary MedicineInfectious DiseasesVeterinary MicrobiologyAvian MedicineMolecular VirologyVirologyBird DiseasesViral Diseases Of PoultryViral Diseases Of WildlifeViral InfectionsWildlife Disease EpidemiologyWildlife Infectious DiseasesAvian Influenza In WildlifeAvian Influenza InfectionAvian Influenza VirusAvian Influenza VirusesDuck HealthEpidemiology Of Avian DiseaseInfluenza ZoonosesTracheal Secretions
Cloacal and tracheal swabs were collected from 1389 hunter-killed ducks in Cameron Parish, Louisiana, during the 1986 and 1987 waterfowl seasons. Twenty-eight avian influenza viruses (AIVs) were isolated from 605 blue-winged teal (Anas discors), 75 mottled ducks (A. fulvigula), 375 gadwalls (A. stepera) and 334 green-winged teal (A. crecca). Prevalence estimates of AIV in ducks sampled during September, November, and December through January were 3.1%, 2.0%, and 0.4%, respectively. Differences in prevalence were detected by season (P = 0.044) and age class (P = 0.036). Two isolations from resident mottled ducks document transmission of AIV on these wintering areas. Much subtype diversity was present, with nine of 13 hemagglutinin (HA) and nine of nine neuraminidase (NA) subtypes recovered. Predominant HA and NA subtypes were typical of AIVs commonly associated with waterfowl. Results indicate that AIVs are transmitted in the wintering areas, and, although prevalence is low, these viruses continue to circulate within these duck populations during winter.
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Principles and procedures of statistics.
R. G. D. Steel, J. H. Torrie · 1960 · 22.2K citations
The Ducks, Geese, and Swans of North America
Paul M. Scheffer, Francis H. Kortright · The Murrelet · 1943 · 1.2K citations