Feedback during exposure to inescapable shocks and subsequent shock-escape performance

Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence.

Steven F. Maier, Martin E. P. Seligman · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · 1976 · 2.3K citations

Psychosocial Determinant, Educational Psychology, Affective Neuroscience +19

Failure to escape traumatic shock.

Martin E. P. Seligman, Steven F. Maier · Journal of Experimental Psychology · 1967 · 1.9K citations

Trauma Resuscitation, Shock Termination, Shuttle Box +19

Generality of learned helplessness in man.

Donald Hiroto, Martin E. P. Seligman · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · 1975 · 880 citations

Inescapable Aversive Events, Shock Termination, Behavioral Decision Making +16

Foot-shock induced stress increases β-endorphin levels in blood but not brain

Jean Rossier, Edward D. French, Catherine Rivier et al. · Nature · 1977 · 577 citations

Stress Hormone, Neurophysiology, Stress +10

Learned helplessness in the rat.

Martin E. P. Seligman, Gwyneth Hill Beagley · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · 1975 · 478 citations

Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Bar Pressing +10