Informed Consent for Population-Based Research Involving Genetics

TLDR

Population‑based genetic research requires knowledge of common variant effects and gene‑environment interactions, and its risks and benefits differ from family‑based studies. The CDC convened a multidisciplinary group to develop an informed consent framework for integrating genetic variation into population‑based research, aiming to guide participants, sponsors, IRBs, and investigators. The group synthesized expert opinion, federal regulations, the NBAC report, existing consent forms, and literature to craft suggested consent language and a brochure, emphasizing that disclosures should be tailored to the likelihood that results will inform evidence‑based interventions. The proposed consent approach facilitates participant decision‑making and highlights key considerations for sponsors, IRBs, and investigators.

Abstract

Bridging the gap between gene discovery and our ability to use genetic information to benefit health requires population-based knowledge about the contribution of common gene variants and gene-environment interactions to the risk of disease. The risks and benefits associated with population-based research involving genetics, especially lower-penetrance gene variants, can differ in nature from those associated with family-based research. In response to the urgent need for appropriate guidelines, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention formed a multidisciplinary group to develop an informed consent approach for integrating genetic variation into population-based research. The group used expert opinion and federal regulations, the National Bioethics Advisory Commission's report on research involving human biological materials, existing consent forms, and literature on informed consent to create suggested language for informed consent documents and a supplemental brochure. This language reflects the premise that the probability and magnitude of harm, as well as possible personal benefits, are directly related to the meaning of the results for the health of the participant and that appropriate disclosures and processes for obtaining consent should be based on an assessment at the outset of the likelihood that the results will generate information that could lead directly to an evidence-based intervention. This informed consent approach is proposed to promote discussion about how best to enable potential participants to make informed decisions about population-based research involving genetics and to suggest issues for consideration by research sponsors, institutional review boards, and investigators.