Measurement of Sound Emission by Endoscopic Lithotripters: An <i>in Vitro</i> Study and Theoretical Estimation of Risk of Hearing Loss in a Fetus

Abstract

The peak pressure of the sound emitted by lithotripsy in the ureter during pregnancy is unlikely to be harmful to fetal hearing. Other risk factors, such as the form of the sound waves and the pulse duration were not evaluated. The theoretical assessments are simplified, and one should be careful about drawing conclusions from theoretical considerations and calculations alone.