Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an 11-Year-Old Girl with Fanconiʼs Anemia Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Abstract

An 11-year-old girl with Fanconi's anemia, who died of Corynebacterium septicemia, was found at autopsy to have a solitary, previously undiagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although the association between Fanconi's anemia and malignancies such as leukemia and squamous cell carcinoma is well documented, its relationship to HCC remains controversial and obscure. Anabolic steroid therapy for Fanconi's anemia has also been considered a promoter for hepatocellular neoplasms. This report documents the youngest known patient with Fanconi's anemia to develop HCC and discusses the association between these conditions.