Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Selenium-Deficient Layered TiSe_2–<i>x</i>: A Charge-Density-Wave Material

Abstract

In the present work, we report on the investigation of low-temperature (300-5 K) thermoelectric properties of hot-pressed TiSe2, a charge-density-wave (CDW) material. We demonstrate that, with increasing hot-pressing temperature, the density of TiSe2 increases and becomes nonstoichiometric owing to the loss of selenium. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transimission electron microscopy results show that the material consists of a layered microstructure with several defects. Increasing the hot-press temperature in nonstoichiometric TiSe2 leads to a reduction of the resistivity and enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient in concomitent with suppression of CDW. Samples hot-pressed at 850 °C exhibited a minimum thermal conductivity (κ) of 1.5 W/m·K at 300 K that, in turn, resulted in a figure-of-merit (ZT) value of 0.14. This value is higher by 6 orders of magnitude compared to 1.49 × 10(-7) obtained for cold-pressed samples annealed at 850 °C. The enhancement of ZT in hot-pressed samples is attributed to (i) a reduced thermal conductivity owing to enhanced phonon scattering and (ii) improved power factor (α(2)σ).