Cerebral palsy: An overview and the role of a paediatric neurologist in the evaluation of children with complex needs for cochlear implant

Abstract

Cerebral palsy (CP) is primarily a non-progressive disorder of movement and posture affecting the developing brain, but many children with CP have other impairments which may affect their quality of life and life expectancy. It is the most common childhood physical disability and affects 2 to 2.5 children per 1,000 born in the developing world. The differential diagnosis of cerebral palsy includes metabolic and genetic disorders. The diagnostic strategy is based on the clinical picture, pattern of development of symptoms, family history, and other factors influencing the probability of specific diagnoses. Targeted laboratory tests and cerebral imaging using magnetic resonance imaging are useful diagnostic tools. Surveillance for associated disabilities such as hearing impairment can help determine the goals of treatment and to improve functionality and quality of life. Children with CP being evaluated for cochlear implant should have assessment by paediatric neurologists to establish the correct diagnosis and identify co-morbidities that can affect the child's use of cochlear implant. Multi-specialty teams should be developed around the needs of each patient to provide goal oriented care plans.