Micro-Doppler analysis of a rotating target in synthetic aperture radar

Abstract

Rotating targets cause phase modulation of the azimuthal phase history of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system. The phase modulation may be seen as a time-dependent micro-Doppler (m-D) frequency. This study presents two approaches for extracting m-D features from SAR images. In order to extract m-D features from SAR images, the time domain radar return is decomposed in two separate ways. One is based on wavelet decomposition in which the returned signal is decomposed into a set of components that are represented at different wavelet scales. The components are then reconstructed by applying the inverse wavelet transform. This wavelet approach has been used in previous m-D analysis work for an inverse SAR (ISAR) system, and it is presented here in the extraction of m-D features for a SAR system. The second approach is based on adaptive chirplet decomposition combined with time–frequency analysis. This new approach is introduced as an alternative to the wavelet approach of decomposing the SAR radar return. The results from the wavelet and adaptive chirplet decomposition procedures are compared, and the chirplet-based approach establishes itself as a viable alternative. The chirplet-based method of m-D extraction has been successfully applied to SAR data scene collected by the US Navy APY-6 radar.