Direct Staudinger–Phosphonite Reaction Provides Methylphosphonamidates as Inhibitors of CE4 De‐N‐acetylases

Abstract

De-N-acetylases of β-(1→6)-D-N-acetylglucosamine polymers (PNAG) and β-(1→4)-D-N-acetylglucosamine residues in peptidoglycan are attractive targets for antimicrobial agents. PNAG de-N-acetylases are necessary for biofilm formation in numerous pathogenic bacteria. Peptidoglycan de-N-acetylation facilitates bacterial evasion of innate immune defenses. To target these enzymes, transition-state analogue inhibitors containing a methylphosphonamidate have been synthesized through a direct Staudinger-phosphonite reaction. The inhibitors were tested on purified PgaB, a PNAG de-N-acetylase from Escherichia coli, and PgdA, a peptidoglycan de-N-acetylase from Streptococcus pneumonia. Herein, we describe the most potent inhibitor of peptidoglycan de-N-acetylases reported to date (Ki =80 μM). The minimal inhibition of PgaB observed provides insight into key structural and functional differences in these enzymes that will need to be considered during the development of future inhibitors.