Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Complex Pediatric Renal Calculus Disease

Abstract

Monotherapy with PCNL is safe and effective in the management of staghorn and complex renal calculi in single hospital stay. Ultrasound-guided peripheral caliceal puncture and limiting the tract dilatation to 22F are important factors in reducing the blood loss. Multiple tracts increase the hemoglobin drop but are not associated with an increased risk of complications (bleeding, postoperative infection, and prolonged urinary leak). Also, there is no deterioration in renal function after either single- or multiple-tract PCNL.