Traumatic carotid cavernous fistula: Anatomical variations and their treatment by detachable balloons

Abstract

Endovascular balloon occlusion has become a standard mode of therapy in carotid cavernous fistulas. Many angioarchitectural variations are, however, encountered in individual cases, some of which influence the therapeutic mode and outcome. We report on three patients with carotid cavernous fistulas treated by endovascular techniques.