Time-domain finite-element modeling of dispersive media

Abstract

A general formulation is described for time-domain finite-element modeling of electromagnetic fields in a general dispersive medium. The formulation is based on the second-order vector wave equation and incorporates the dispersion effect of a medium via a recursively evaluated convolution integral. This evaluation is kept to second order in accuracy using linear interpolation within each time step. Numerical examples are given to validate the proposed formulation.