Engineering-Scale Liquid Cadmium Cathode Experiments

TLDR

Recovery of uranium and transuranic actinides from spent nuclear fuel by electrorefining was investigated under the U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative. The experiments aimed to collect kilogram quantities of uranium and plutonium into a liquid cadmium cathode via electrochemical processing. They were performed in a shielded hot cell at Idaho National Laboratory, using a steel basket anode of chopped spent fuel and a beryllium oxide crucible cathode containing ~26 kg of cadmium to form the liquid cadmium cathode.

Abstract

Recovery of uranium and transuranic (TRU) actinides from spent nuclear fuel by an electrorefining process was investigated as part of the U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative. Experiments were performed in a shielded hot cell at the Materials and Fuels Complex at Idaho National Laboratory. The goal of these experiments was to collect, by an electrochemical process, kilogram quantities of uranium and plutonium into what is called a liquid cadmium cathode (LCC).For each experiment, a steel basket loaded with chopped spent nuclear fuel from the Experimental Breeder Reactor II acted as the anode in the electrorefiner. The cathode was a beryllium oxide crucible containing ~26 kg of cadmium metal (the LCC). In the three experiments performed to date, between 1 and 2 kg of heavy metal was collected in the LCC after passing an integrated current between 1.80 and 2.16 MC (500 and 600 A h) from the anode to the cathode. Sample analysis of the processed LCC ingots measured detectable amounts of TRUs and rare earth elements.