Physical Review Letters · 1983 · 605 citations · 8 references
Natural SciencesPhysicsCosmologyGravitationMathematical PhysicsCurved SpacetimeEinstein Field EquationsGauge TheoryGeneral RelativityQuantum Field TheorySpacetime GeometryCharge-to-mass RatioDe Sitter SpacetimeEinstein Equations With Matter FieldsEinstein Field Equations In CosmologyMass-to-charge Ratio InterpretationPlanck UnitsVacuum Einstein Equations
By adding the trivial term $\ensuremath{-}d{t}^{2}$ one can convert the four-dimensional (positive-definite) Newman-Unti-Tamburino line element into a static solution of the five-dimensional vacuum Einstein equations. Interpreted $\stackrel{`}{a}\mathrm{la}$ Kaluza and Klein, the solution describes a monopole with a charge-to-mass ratio of $\sqrt{2}$ in rationalized Planck units. Although it is a perfectly regular five-geometry it appears singular from a four-dimensional perspective.
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Instability of the Kaluza-Klein vacuum
Edward Witten · Nuclear Physics B · 1982 · 624 citations
David Finkelstein · Journal of Mathematical Physics · 1966 · 148 citations
Geometric definition of gauge invariance
Elihu Lubkin · Annals of Physics · 1963 · 136 citations
Natural Sciences, Physics, Geometry +12