From linearity towards chaos: Basic studies of relativistic backward-wave oscillators

Abstract

Recent experimental studies have revealed for the first time some basic features of pulsed, relativistic (300--600 kV) backward-wave oscillators such as starting current, axial mode locking, and multifrequency operation. Above a critical beam current a gradual degradation of the spectrum purity of the electromagnetic radiation is observed, culminating in the onset of stochastic oscillations.