Novel diagnostic methods for early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal successfully resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection

Abstract

Although anal canal squamous cell carcinoma (ACSCC) is quite rare, it can be recognized clearly using iodine staining [1]. Early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has recently been diagnosed using both narrow-band imaging (NBI) [2] and autofluorescence imaging (AFI) [3]. Here we report on the first case of early-stage ACSCC diagnosed by NBI and AFI and treated successfully by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).