The Archetypal Actions of Ritual: A Theory of Ritual Illustrated by the Jain Rite of Worship.

TLDR

Religious rituals elicit ambiguous reactions and are often treated by anthropologists as a distinct, specially interpreted phenomenon. The study examines how questioning the nature of ritual while continuing its practice reveals universal aspects of ritualized action, using observations of Jains in western India to identify what distinguishes ritualized actions. The authors conclude that ritual is a quality applicable to any action, rejecting intrinsic meaning and showing that ritualization, though non‑intentional, arises from an intentional commitment by the actor.

Abstract

Religious rituals can provoke a deeply ambigious reaction in those who practise them. What happens in religious traditions when the nature of the ritual is questioned, but the practice of performing rituals is not itself abandoned? This book draws on the authors' observations of such reactions among Jains in western India, and asks why they can tell us about ritual as a universal mode of human action. Most anthropologists have assumed that ritual is a special kind of happening, which requires a special kind of interpretation. The authors argue that 'ritual' is a quality which can in principle apply to any kind of action. The question they try to answer is: what is distinctive about actions which are ritualized? They reject the common view that ritual carries intrinsic meaning, and explore the apparent paradox that ritualization, which makes action in an important sense non-intentional, is itself the result of an intentional act - the adoption by the actor of what the authors call the 'ritual commitment'.