Urban Policy and Research · 2003 · 39 citations · 6 references
PlanningMetropolitan PlanningUrban PlanningParticipatory PlanningPlanning TheoryUrban DevelopmentCity SystemsUrban Policy MakingUrban Planning Reform
Historians of urban planning have charted a shift in planning philosophies in Western countries from the 'design' approach of the 1950s, to the 'systems' approach of the 1970s, to the 'market' or 'neo-liberal' planning of the 1990s (e.g. Taylor, 1998). Critics have pointed out that all three approaches share a bias against genuine community involvement in planning. Planners, with their expert knowledge of design, of urban systems analysis, or of the inherent superiority of markets, are entitled to overrule the community, which lacks the necessary expertise (Mees, 2000).
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A Ladder Of Citizen Participation
Sherry R. Arnstein · Journal of the American Institute of Planners · 1969 · 15.7K citations
If planning is everything, maybe it's nothing
Aaron Wíldavsky · Policy Sciences · 1973 · 570 citations
Strategising the metropolis in a global era
Leonie Sandercock, John Friedmann · Urban Policy and Research · 2000 · 21 citations
Choice and necessity in metropolitan planning
John Paterson · Urban Policy and Research · 2000 · 13 citations