Association of Genetic Risks for Schizophrenia and Bipolar DisorderWith Specific and Generic Brain Structural Endophenotypes

Abstract

Genetic risks for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are associated with specific gray matter but generic white matter endophenotypes. Thus, Emil Kraepelin's pivotal distinction was neither wholly right nor wholly wrong: the 2 major psychoses show both distinctive and similar patterns of brain structural abnormality related to variable genetic risk.