Awareness and determinants of family planning practice in Jimma, Ethiopia

TLDR

Rapid population growth—currently 3% in Ethiopia, one of the world’s highest rates—threatens to double the country’s population in 23 years and impede national development. The study aimed to determine the level and determinants of family planning awareness and practice in Jimma, Ethiopia. A quantitative descriptive survey was carried out at Jimma University Hospital. Findings revealed low knowledge and use of modern contraception, driven by socio‑cultural norms, male dominance, low women’s status, and lack of formal education, suggesting that improving women’s education could shift attitudes toward family planning.

Abstract

Background: The continuing growth of the world population has become an urgent global problem. Ethiopia, like most countries in sub‐Saharan Africa, is experiencing rapid population growth. Currently, the country’s population is growing at a rate of 3%, one of the highest rates in the world and if it continues unabated, the population will have doubled in 23 years, preventing any gain in the national development effort. Aim: To determine the level and determinants of family planning awareness and practice in one Ethiopian town. Methodology: A quantitative study using a descriptive survey design was conducted in Jimma University Hospital. Discussion: The findings revealed that the knowledge and practice of modern contraception methods was low. Most women’s contraceptive knowledge and practice was influenced by socio‐cultural norms such as male/husband dominance and opposition to contraception, and low social status of women. A lack of formal education for women was identified as a key factor in preventing change in the patterns of contraceptive knowledge and use by women in this part of Ethiopia. Conclusion: The support and encouragement for women and men to enter and complete formal education is essential in bringing about a cultural and social change in attitude towards the economic and social value of family planning. This study and others suggest that education can address the imbalance in decision making about contraception and the role of women in society generally.