Bursts of centimeter-wave emission and the region of origin of X rays from solar flares

Abstract

High energy (>20 kev) solar X-ray emission during flares has been measured with the help of rockets and balloons by various workers [Chubb, Friedman, and Kreplin, 1960; Winckler, May, and Masley, 1961; Peterson and Winckler, 1959; Vette and Casal, 1961]. The observation of X rays in the quantum energy range 20 to 70 kev during three flares accompanied by SID's led Friedman to suggest that the presence of such X rays was characteristic of the flare process. The 20 to 70 kev X rays appeared as an extension of the high intensity flux of 2 to 10 A X rays, which are the main components responsible for flare time enhanced D-layer ionization (SID). It has been shown statistically by Dodson, Hedeman, and Covington [1954], Hachenberg and Krüger [1960], and Kawabata [1961] that centimeter-wave bursts are closely associated with SID's.