NOTES ON THE PUPAL BEHAVIOUR AND COLLECTION OF LARVAE AND PUPAE OF SOME AUSTRALIAN <i>CULICOIDES</i> (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE)

Abstract

Abstract Three distinct patterns of behaviour of pupae of aquatic Culicoides species are described. Pupae of some species float to the surface in water and are unable to submerge, whereas those of other species repeatedly rise to the surface and then sink. In another species the pupae do not float but actively burrow back into the substratum when dislodged. A short discussion of methods for the recovery and rearing of these immature stages is included.