Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II as a prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Comparison with alpha-fetoprotein

Abstract

PIVKA-II may be a useful marker for the prediction of intrahepatic spread and for the prognosis of HCC. In addition, PIVKA-II-positive patients, thus, need aggressive postoperative adjuvant therapy for undetectable residual tumors and careful postoperative monitoring to enable the early recognition of recurrence.