Outcomes of Intrarenal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin/Interferon-α2B for Biopsy-Proven Upper-Tract Carcinoma <i>in Situ</i>

Abstract

This study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of intrarenal BCG/IFN maintenance therapy for patients with UT-CIS. Unlike other mechanisms of delivery, including percutaneous administration or reflux via double pigtail stents, this office-based technique spares the morbidity of a chronically indwelling nephrostomy tube or ureteral stent.